Gambia is located on the west coast of Africa, surrounded by Senegal on three sides, with the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country is located entirely within the Gambia River basin, which flows through the center of the country before reaching the Atlantic Ocean. The geographic coordinates of Gambia range from approximately 13° N to 14° N latitude and 13° W to 17° W longitude.

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Geography

Climate:

Gambia has a tropical climate characterized by two main seasons: the dry season, which runs from November to May, and the rainy season, which lasts from June to October. The country experiences high temperatures year-round, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F).

Fauna:

Gambia is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including various species of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. The country’s national parks and nature reserves, such as Kiang West National Park and Abuko Nature Reserve, provide habitats for animals such as monkeys, crocodiles, hippos, and numerous bird species.

Longest River:

The Gambia River, after which the country is named, is the longest river in Gambia, stretching approximately 1,120 kilometers (696 miles) from its source in the Fouta Djallon highlands of Guinea to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is a vital lifeline for the country, supporting agriculture, transportation, and fishing activities.

Highest Mountains:

Gambia is a relatively flat country, and it does not have any significant mountain ranges. The highest point in Gambia is an unnamed hill in the eastern part of the country, reaching an elevation of only about 53 meters (174 feet) above sea level.

History

Prehistory:

The area that is now Gambia has been inhabited for thousands of years, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Stone Age. Archaeological sites such as Wassu Stone Circles provide insights into ancient civilizations that once thrived in the region.

Early Kingdoms:

Gambia was home to several powerful kingdoms and empires, including the Mandinka Empire, the Jolof Empire, and the Wolof Kingdom. These kingdoms played significant roles in regional trade networks and cultural exchanges.

European Colonization:

In the 15th century, European explorers, primarily from Portugal and later Britain, began arriving in the Gambia region. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish trading posts along the Gambia River, followed by the British who established a permanent presence in the 17th century.

Colonial Rule:

Gambia became a British colony in the 19th century, known as British Gambia. During colonial rule, the British exploited the country’s resources, particularly its agricultural land and labor force. The cultivation of peanuts became a major industry, and the Gambia River served as a key transportation route for trade.

Independence:

Gambia gained independence from Britain on February 18, 1965, becoming a sovereign nation within the Commonwealth. Sir Dawda Jawara became the country’s first Prime Minister and later its first President. Despite its small size, Gambia played a significant role in regional politics and diplomacy.

Modern Age:

Since gaining independence, Gambia has experienced periods of political stability as well as challenges, including coups and authoritarian rule. In recent years, the country has undergone democratic reforms, including the peaceful transfer of power through elections in 2016. Tourism and agriculture remain vital sectors of the economy.

Demographics

Gambia has a population of approximately 2.4 million people, with a diverse mix of ethnic groups. The major ethnic groups include the Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, and Jola. English is the official language of Gambia, reflecting its colonial heritage, although other languages such as Mandinka, Wolof, and Fula are also widely spoken.

Religion:

Islam is the predominant religion in Gambia, with the majority of the population adhering to Sunni Islam. Christianity and traditional indigenous beliefs are also practiced by smaller segments of the population.

Administrative Divisions

Gambia is divided into five administrative divisions, each with its own capital and administrative structure. The administrative divisions, along with their respective populations, are as follows:

1. Banjul – Population: 31,000
2. Kanifing – Population: 416,000
3. Brikama – Population: 699,000
4. Mansakonko – Population: 33,000
5. Kerewan – Population: 83,000

10 Largest Cities by Population

The largest cities in Gambia by population include:

1. Banjul – Population: 31,000
2. Serekunda – Population: 340,000
3. Brikama – Population: 87,000
4. Bakau – Population: 45,000
5. Lamin – Population: 33,000
6. Farafenni – Population: 29,000
7. Soma – Population: 27,000
8. Sukuta – Population: 25,000
9. Basse Santa Su – Population: 24,000
10. Gunjur – Population: 23,000

Education Systems

Education:

Education in Gambia is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 16. The government has made efforts to improve access to education and increase literacy rates across the country. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and teacher shortages remain.

Top Universities:

Gambia is home to several institutions of higher education, including the University of the Gambia in Serekunda. The university offers a range of academic programs and contributes to the country’s intellectual and socio-economic development.

Transportation

Airports:

Gambia has one international airport, Banjul International Airport, located near the capital city of Banjul. The airport serves as the main gateway to the country, handling both domestic and international flights.

Railways:

Gambia does not have a railway network, and transportation within the country is primarily by road and waterways.

Highways:

Gambia has a network of paved roads connecting major cities and towns. The Trans-Gambia Highway, completed in 1978, links the northern and southern regions of the country.

Ports:

The Port of Banjul is the main seaport in Gambia and serves as a vital hub for maritime trade and commerce. The port handles cargo shipments, passenger ferries, and cruise ships.

Country Facts

• Population: 2.4 million
• Capital: Banjul
• Official Language: English
• Religion: Islam (majority), Christianity, Traditional Indigenous Beliefs
• Ethnic Groups: Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, Jola
• Currency: Gambian dalasi (GMD)
• ISO Country Code: GM
• International Calling Code: +220
• Top-Level Domain: .gm